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TRADITIONAL SYSTEM
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Venetian does not have an official writing system, but it is traditionally written using the Latin alphabet - sometimes with the addition of a couple of letters and/or diacritics for the sounds that do not exist in Italian, such as ç/zh for /?/. Othe... |
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VENETIAN LANGUAGE
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Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken as native language by over two million people, mostly in the Veneto region of Italy, where of five million inhabitants almost all can understand it. It is sometime spoken and often well understood outs... |
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GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION
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Venetian is spoken mainly in the Italian regions of Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia and in both Slovenia and Croatia (Istria, Dalmatia and the Kvarner Gulf). Smaller communities are found in the provinces of Lombardy, Trento, Emilia (in Mantova, Rim... |
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PROPOSED SYSTEMS
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Recently there have been attempts to standardize and simplify the script, e.g. by using x for [z] and a single s for [s]; then one would write baxa for ("she kisses") and basa for ("low"). Another recent convention is to use l for the "soft... |
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REGIONAL VARIANTS
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The main regional variants and sub-variants of Venetian areCentral (Padua, Vicenza, Polesine), with about 1,500,000 speakers. Eastern/Coastal (Venice, Trieste, Grado, Istria, Fiume). Western (Verona, Trento). North-Central (Treviso, most of Pordenone... |
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INTERROGATIVE INFLECTION
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Venetian also has a special interrogative verbal flexion used for direct questions, which also incorporates a redundant pronoun:Italian: (Tu) eri sporco? ("Were you dirty?").Venetian: (Ti) jčristu onto? or even (Ti) xčrito sporco? (lit. "You were-you... |
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REDUNDANT SUBJECT PRONOUNS
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A peculiarity of Venetian grammar is a "semi-analytical" verbal flexion, with a compulsory "clitic subject pronoun" before the verb in many sentences, "echoing" the subject as an ending or a weak pronoun. Independent/emphatic pronouns (e.g. ti), on t... |
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AUXILIARY VERBS
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Reflexive tenses use the auxiliary verb aver ("to have"), as in English, German, and Spanish; instead of essar ("to be"), which would be normal in Italian. The past participle is invariable, unlike Italian:Italian: (Tu) ti sei lavato (lit. "(You) you... |
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CONTINUING ACTION
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Another peculiarity of the language is the use of the phrase eser drěo (a) (literally, "behind to") to indicate continuing action:Italian: Mio padre sta parlando ("My father is speaking"). Venetian: Mé pare 'l xe drěo(inviŕ) parlŕr (lit. "My father h... |
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GRAMMAR
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Like most Romance languages, Venetian has mostly abandoned the Latin case system, in favor of prepositions and a more rigid subject-verb-object sentence structure. It has thus become more analytic, if not quite as much as English. Venetian also has t... |
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